1. by the end of vs until the end of.
My company will have 100% telecommuting by the end of next month.
--> My company will start it by January 31.
My company will 100% telecommute until at least the end of next month.
--> The telecommuting will last until at least January 31.
If our company makes it clear that we will telecommute for a few months more...
2. math problems vs questions (+word problems)
He takes some tests and tries to solve math problems.
He answers English questions.
word problems --> math problems in short paragraphs.
3. getting worse vs being made worse.
Conditions are getting worse... --> general expression; can also imply natural worsening.
Conditions are being made worse... --> implies outside actors actively affecting.
4. immigration, immigrant, expat.
immigration --> the act of going to another country permanently
immigrant --> person who goes to another country permanently
expat / expatriate --> person who moves abroad, usually for work
'Most foreign workers in Korea are expats.'
5. immigrate to vs emigrate from.
immigrate ---> go TO another country permanently
"My German grandparents immigrated to the Midwestern United States."
emigrate ---> exit FROM your country to another country permanently
"My grandparents emigrated from Western Germany (to America) after WWII."
6. A is (fraction) the size of B.
People in their fifties are the largest chunk of people in Korea.
People under ten are 1/3 of people in their fifties. --> 1/3 of people in their fifties are actually under ten. (???)
People under ten are 1/3 the size of people in their fifties. ---> A is (fraction) the size of B.
7. divide, multiply, add, subtract.
divide --> Divide A by B.
multiply --> Multiply A times B / A by B.
'A [times / multiplied by] B equals C.'
add --> Add A [to / plus] B.
'Add A to B, and then you'll get C.'
'A plus B equals C.'
subtract --> Subtract A from B.
'A minus B equals C.'
8. one by one vs one on one.
one by one --> one at a time
'Please come up to the desk one by one.'
one on one --> with one other person only
'This is a one-on-one class.'
9. hair salon vs barber shop.
hair salon --> for men and women, provides more services (longer haircuts, dying, etc.)
barber shop --> for men only, more limited/simple haircuts
hair shop X
10. tired vs tiring.
I was tired.
It was very tiring.
Sentence Structure & Grammar.
This pandemic is having another peak.
We will experience inflation.
Stocks could be a good alternative to restore purchasing power.
Even though the pandemic will disappear, it will take a lot of time to rebuild our economy.
Bankrupt companies cannot be revived easily once they [go bankrupt / file for bankruptcy.]
have a view of N --> I have an upbeat view of this issue.
I heard that Korea's population is aging the fastest. (more everyday ??)
Korea has the most rapidly aging population. (more neutral to formal)
There were more people than I expected.
"More" or "ADJ-er" is MANDATORY with than.
have a talk with someone
I had a one-on-one talk with my colleague.
Vocabulary.
exacerbate (ihg-zaah-ser-bayt) --> make something worse
'The COVID-19 crisis exacerbated situations of businesses who were already struggling.'
upbeat --> positive, optimistic, cheerful
'That is an upbeat view.' // 'She is upbeat.'
spotty --> having uneven quality ; inconsistent
'WiFi is often spotty in more rural areas.'
'His performance record is spotty.'
"Whenever you're ready." ---> You can do it whenever you're ready.
a straight shot --> a simple and clear path
"It's a straight shot from here to the restaurant." (literal)
"The process is a straight shot." (figurative)
A: Where is the Empire State Building?
B: It's just down the road (ahead on the same street); walk a few blocks and you'll see it.
Stress & Pronunciation.
solve
managed to (mannijd-tu).
inched up (inch-dup).
exit (EHG-ziht)
word / walled / world
shut vs shot (shㅏt)
reality (ree-AAAHL-lih-dee)
post-purchase stages (post-purchastajiz) --> ADJ + N combinations are said like one word.
closer (ADJ) (cloSSSer)